Rodeo is a high-energy sport as old as the American West, with roots dating back to the 16th century.
While many people find rodeo thrilling and entertaining as a sport, there is also the very real risk of injuries for all concerned—the animals, the humans who participate in the sport, and the onlookers who enjoy it.
However, rodeo athletes or competitors face the greatest risk of serious injuries.
Bull riding causes the most injuries among rodeo events, according to a thorough study by Montana-based Pioneer Medical Specialists in the journal Current Sports Medicine Reports. However, bareback riding, steer wrestling, and calf roping also carry significant rodeo injury risks, according to the study.
Severe Rodeo Injuries and Lack of Protection
Researchers looked at nearly 2,000 professional rodeo events between 1981 and 2005 and found that half of all injuries occurred during bull riding. Knee and shoulder injuries are most common, but researchers say head injuries are most alarming. Concussions account for nearly 9% of all bull riding injuries.
Other common types of rodeo injuries include finger amputations during calf roping, sprains to the knee, shoulder, or ankle, and chronic problems that develop from such debilitating injuries.
Riders are also in danger of being gored by the animals, stomped after dismounting or thrown from an animal.
Despite these occupational hazards and medical experts urging the use of protective headgear, it is rarely used in rodeo because of a culture of “machismo” that is prevalent in the sport, experts say.
Riders, however, are more open to wearing protective vests, which have been found to lower the risk of rib fractures and penetrating chest wounds. Very few are even open to using headgear, which could save them from major head injuries.
Outside of high school competitions, competitors who have sustained a concussion are not required to get medical clearance before returning to the competition.
Injuries to Rodeo Animals
Animals suffer severe injuries in rodeos, too. The Los Angeles Times reports that since a California law went into effect requiring all rodeos to have a veterinarian in attendance or on call, more than 125 animal injuries have been reported.
According to the Times review, no reports were released in 2001, 2002, 2006, 2009, or 2020, and 20 reports were released before 2010.
The reports document a range of rodeo injuries, from superficial scratches caused by panicked animals running out of their chutes to more severe injuries like crushed skulls, broken legs, gored flanks, and snapped spines.
In 35 of the injury reports reviewed by the Times, the animal died immediately or within minutes of the accident, had to be euthanized, or, in one case, slaughtered in the following hours or days. In 14 cases, the reports don’t clearly state the severely injured animal’s fate.
Rodeo Injury Danger to the Public
There have also been times when animals have escaped the arena and attacked members of the public.
In February 2025, a professional rodeo rider miraculously survived a life-threatening injury after being impaled in the neck by a bull’s horn, losing massive amounts of blood but making a remarkable recovery. A bull’s horn punctured three inches deep into his neck during the competition, severing his carotid artery.
A packed rodeo saw a boy suffer a fatal cardiac arrest in January 2023 after a bull stomped on his chest. In May 2022, several people were injured when a bull jumped a fence and got out of the arena at the Redding Rodeo’s bull riding event, according to a report in The Guardian. The bull ran through a crowd of spectators and across a parking lot before it was captured near a bridge about half a mile from the arena.
At least six people were treated for injuries, including a 15-year-old boy who said the bull’s horn clipped his leg as the animal charged through the VIP section.
At least one member of the public was hurt near the bridge outside the arena, where the animal was caught, placed in a trailer, and returned to its ranch.
In August of 2024, Ace Patton Ashford lost his life when his horse killed him in a freak accident. He had competed in rodeos since he was four years old. (source: https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-13747181/texas-boy-killed-horse-spooked-sick-calf-ace-patton-ashford.html)
In November 2024, Walker “Hollywood” Smith, a 17-year-old champion bull rider from Tallahassee, is in critical condition following a severe accident during a rodeo event. A bull stepped on Smith on November 20, 2024, causing serious injuries. He is currently fighting for his life and receiving medical treatment for his condition. Citation: [1]
Medical Care and Attention
KERA News, based in North Texas, published a feature about Justin Sports Medicine Team, which is present at more than 125 professional rodeos nationwide. It staffs clinics at events with hundreds of on-site doctors, physical therapists, and athletic trainers – mostly volunteers—free of charge.
Rodeo athletes are independent contractors. Even if they have sponsors, they don’t get paid if they don’t compete and win.
Unlike pro football or baseball players, rodeo athletes don’t have medical teams or doctors to keep them healthy and tend to their injuries. Rodeo athletes have few other options besides these vital volunteer medical teams that can treat injuries at events and prescribe pain medicine.
The Justin clinics say they treat more than 8,000 rodeo athletes each year, giving away 250 miles of athletic tape and more than $1.5 million worth of medical care. This treatment is not affordable for rodeo athletes, and the numbers give us a sense of how widespread injuries are in this sport.
Liability Issues in Rodeo Accidents
Athletes may sue rodeo operators for injuries, damages, and losses.
For example, suppose the rodeo operator ran the event with reckless disregard for the safety of participating athletes. Those hurt due to such carelessness might then be eligible to pursue damages.
Imagine yourself as a spectator who sustained injuries in a rodeo accident. In that case, you must contact an accident lawyer with experience in personal injury claims and premises liability cases to discuss your legal rights as soon as possible.
Spectators may suffer injuries as a result of being gored or trampled by escaped rodeo animals. They may be trampled by other spectators in a crowded stadium or be injured in a car accident or pedestrian accident in a crowded parking lot.
If it can be proved that a rodeo company or rodeo venue acted negligently and that their negligence was the cause of an injury or fatality. If this is the case, the rodeo company or rodeo venue could face liability for the rodeo injuries, as well as any resulting damages and losses.
One example is when a rodeo company fails to secure their animals properly, and the animal escapes and injured a spectator as a result. An event operator or venue may also be held liable for wrongful death if their staff members fail to call emergency personnel promptly or if they knowingly allow more spectators into the venue than can be safely accommodated.
